Escher used contemporary printmaking techniques and quality printers to push the boundaries of art and science.
Escher and other 20th century artists developed lithography into an art form. The boundaries of lithography were further pushed and rediscovered through the works of Pablo Picasso, Georges Braque, Alexander Calder, Raoul Dufy, Alexis Leger, Henri Matisse, and Joan Miró. Jules Chéret was the father of the modern poster in the 1890s. The lithograph revival was later associated with the works of Degas, Odilon Redon, and Henri Fantin-Latour. Prominent figures like Theodore Gericault, Francisco de Goya, and Eugene Delacroix used lithography in the 1820s. Lithography became a popular way for artists in France to express themselves. The artist lays a piece of paper over the stone or metal plate to create the print. Where the artist has drawn on the design, the design will retain the ink without smearing. Then a chemical is applied to the surface, which attracts moisture and repels the ink. An artist might draw a design or image on metal plates or flat stones with greasy pencils or litho crayons. How is a Lithograph Created?Ī Lithograph is created when a piece of stone or other material is used to print with grease and water. The inks on hand lithography appear richer in color, with random dot patterns. You can look at the print under a magnifying glass to tell if it is an offset lithograph or hand lithography. The word lithography comes from the Greek word “lithos,” meaning “stones” and the word “graphien,” which stands for “to write.” An image is designed on a limestone or metal plate and applied to the surface. Lithography is a method of repeatable printing that dates to as far back as 1796. The process involves using a metal plate or flat stone to apply an artistic design to a flat surface. Lithography is a printing process that is popular for auction purchases.
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